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Facebook Links: Priene (Ancient Greek: Πριήνη Priēnē; Turkish: Prien)

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>       HELENİSTİK DÖNEM ANADOLU TAPINAKLARI "Priene Athena Polias Tapınağı" Priene Athena Polias Tapınağı Bu tapınağın mimarı Pytheos’dur. Tapınağın yapımına M.Ö. 350 – 340 yıllarında başlanmıştır. Tapınağın yapımına maddi destekte bulunan İskender bu tapınağın kendisine ithaf edilmesini istedi. 17. Y.y. İngiliz gezginleri tarafından bulunan tapınağın sella duvarında yazıtı bulunmaktadır. Tapınak kentin hippodamik planı içerisinde en üstteki terasa yerleştirilmiştir. 6 X 11 sütunu olan Hexastylos Peristylos tipli bir plana sahiptir. Yapımında yerel mermer kullanılmıştır.   Ancak plastik eserlerin bulunduğu yerde beyaz mermer kullanılmıştır. Tapınak ana kayaya oyulmuş veya taş temellerle yapılmıştır. 3 basamaklı bir krepis üzerinde yükselmektedir. İon düzeninde yapılmıştır ancak sadece Opystodomosun olması Dor düzenine ait bir özelliktir. Fakat opystodomosta Helenistik dönem mimarisinin özelliğidir. Tapınağı çevreleyen sütunlar soyut bir sayısal eksen üzerinde yerleştirilmiştir. İki sütun arasında ki uzaklık 12 ion ayağı: 3,54 m. Yapının üzerinin ahşap bir çatı ile kapatıldığı düşünülmektedir. Naos daha yüksektedir bu yüzden Pronaostan naosa merdivenle çıkılmaktadır. Sellada bulunan 1m yüksekliğindeki kaidenin üzerinde Athena Polias’ın kült heykeli bulunmaktadır. Pytheos bu tapınakta kullandığı ölçüleri bir kitapta toplayarak yayınlamıştır. Bu bilgileri bize Vitruvius De Architectura adlı eserinde bildirmektedir. Bergama örnek alınarak tapınağa stoalar eklenmiştir. Augustus zamanında tapınağa bir de Propylaion eklenmiştir. Augusutus’da M.S. 1 Y.y. da bu tapınakta tapınım görmüştür.   Priene (Ancient Greek: Πριήνη Priēnē; Turkish: Prien) was an ancient ancient Greek city of Ionia (and member of the Ionian League) at the base of an escarpment of Mycale, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the then course of the Maeander (now called the Büyük Menderes or "Big Maeander") River, 67 kilometres (42 mi) from ancient Anthea, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from ancient Aneon and 25 kilometres (16 mi) from ancient Miletus. It was formerly on the sea coast, built overlooking the ocean on steep slopes and terraces extending from sea level to a height of 380 metres (1,250 ft) above sea level at the top of the escarpment. Today, after several centuries of changes in the landscape, it is an inland site. It is located at a short distance west of the modern village Güllübahçe Turun in the Söke district of Aydın Province, Turkey   Priene possessed a great deal of famous Hellenistic art and architecture. The city's original position on Mount Mycale has never actually been discovered; however, it is believed that it was a peninsula possessing two harbours. Priene never held a great deal of political importance due to the city's size, as it is believed around 4 to 5 thousand inhabitants occupied the region. The city was arranged into four districts, firstly the political district which consisted of the bouleuterion and the prytaneion, the cultural district containing the theatre, the commercial where the agora was located and finally the religious district which contained sanctuaries dedicated to Zeus and Demeter and most importantly the Temple of Athena.   Although the exact truth is not known, Priene was said to have been first settled by Ionians under Aegyptus, a son of Belus and grandson of King Codrus, in the 11th century BCE. After successive attacks by Cimmerians, Lydians under Ardys, and Persians, it survived and prospered under the direction of its "sage," Bias, during the middle of the 6th century BC. Cyrus captured it in 545 BC; but it was able to send twelve ships to join the Ionic Revolt (499 BC-494 BC).   Priene was a member of the Athenian dominated Delian League in the 5th century BC and in 387 BC came under Persian dominance again until Alexander the Great's conquest. Disputes with Samos, and the troubles after Alexander's death, brought Priene low, and Rome had to save it from the kings of Pergamon and Cappadocia in 155.   Orophernes, the rebellious brother of the Cappadocian king, who had deposited a treasure there and recovered it by Roman intervention, restored the temple of Athena as a thank-offering. Under Roman and Byzantine dominion Priene had a prosperous history. It passed into Muslim hands late in the 13th century.   A photograph of the Athena temple ruin can be seen on a popular satellite map at 37.670°N 27.291°E, about 2 kilometers north of the road from Güllübahçe to Atburgazi, in Aydın Province, Turkey.   >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Priene (en griego, Πριήνη) fue una ciudad de Jonia, cerca de la costa de Caria en las estribaciones del sureste de las montañas Mícala junto a un río llamado Gaeson o Gaesus. Tenía dos puertos, pero los depósitos aluviales del Meandro la alejaron un poco de la costa. La leyenda la hace fundada por Filotas y Aepytos, hijo de Neleo, en territorio cario y después colonizada por beocios, siendo llamada Cadme. Fue un importante centro religioso, comprendiendo el Panjonio, un templo de Poseidón, un templo de Atenea y uno de Deméter. Fue una de las doce ciudades jónicas (Liga Jónica). Sometida por el rey Ardis de Lidia, pasó a Persia en 546 a. C. Participó en la revuelta jónica que condujo a las guerras médicas. Bajo los persas perdió importancia y fue objeto de disputa entre Mileto y Samos. En 450 a. C., se adhirió a la confederación de Delos y quedó bajo influencia ateniense hasta mediados del siglo IV a. C. El conflicto abierto con la ciudad de Samos llegó a su fin, momentáneamente, en 442 a. C. por intermediación de esta liga. La época helenística vio la conquista de Anatolia por Alejandro Magno, lo que abrió un periodo de refundación de la ciudad (a casi 120 km de Esmirna), liberada de la influencia persa. En 334 a. C., Alejandro visitó Priene, donde hizo una ofrenda en el templo de Atenea, y asedió Mileto, no lejos de allí. La ciudad estuvo sucesivemente bajo la influencia de los Ptolomeos, de los seléucidas y de la realeza de Pérgamo (Atálidas). En 155 a. C., Priene fue atacada e incendiada por el rey de Capadocia, Ariarates V, deseoso de apropiarse del tesoro de la ciudad. Los acuerdos de 196 y de 188 a. C., con vistas a regular el conflicto fronterizo de la ciudad de Dryussa, con Samos, fueron ineficaces. Sólo la intervención de un tribunal romano, en 135 a. C., permitió un final feliz para Priene. A la muerte del rey Átalo III, rey de Pérgamo, en 133 a. C., Priene fue incorporada, como todas las tierras del soberano que fueron legadas por testamento, a la República romana. Tras un período de desórdenes ligados a la piratería, muy extendida en esta época, la ciudad encontró su tranquilidad a finales del siglo I a. C., en la época del principado de Augusto. Pero, cortado su acceso al mar, por haber desaparecido el brazo que la enlazaba al Meandro, la ciudad perdió poco a poco su atractivo comercial y perdió un gran número de habitantes. En época bizantina, Priene se convirtió en una ciudad episcopal hasta mitad de la Edad Media, período en la que fue abandonada completamente. Es la ciudad natal de Mirón de Priene. Fue el lugar de nacimiento de Bias uno de los Siete Sabios de Grecia. Sus ruinas, bien conservadas, se encuentran en el territorio de la provincia de Aydin, en Turquía, en Güllübahce, a 15 kilómetros de la ciudad de Söke     '> İonlular Grek değil Anadoluludur. MÖ.11.yy gelen Grek kolonileri Anadolu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>       HELENİSTİK DÖNEM ANADOLU TAPINAKLARI "Priene Athena Polias Tapınağı" Priene Athena Polias Tapınağı Bu tapınağın mimarı Pytheos’dur. Tapınağın yapımına M.Ö. 350 – 340 yıllarında başlanmıştır. Tapınağın yapımına maddi destekte bulunan İskender bu tapınağın kendisine ithaf edilmesini istedi. 17. Y.y. İngiliz gezginleri tarafından bulunan tapınağın sella duvarında yazıtı bulunmaktadır. Tapınak kentin hippodamik planı içerisinde en üstteki terasa yerleştirilmiştir. 6 X 11 sütunu olan Hexastylos Peristylos tipli bir plana sahiptir. Yapımında yerel mermer kullanılmıştır.   Ancak plastik eserlerin bulunduğu yerde beyaz mermer kullanılmıştır. Tapınak ana kayaya oyulmuş veya taş temellerle yapılmıştır. 3 basamaklı bir krepis üzerinde yükselmektedir. İon düzeninde yapılmıştır ancak sadece Opystodomosun olması Dor düzenine ait bir özelliktir. Fakat opystodomosta Helenistik dönem mimarisinin özelliğidir. Tapınağı çevreleyen sütunlar soyut bir sayısal eksen üzerinde yerleştirilmiştir. İki sütun arasında ki uzaklık 12 ion ayağı: 3,54 m. Yapının üzerinin ahşap bir çatı ile kapatıldığı düşünülmektedir. Naos daha yüksektedir bu yüzden Pronaostan naosa merdivenle çıkılmaktadır. Sellada bulunan 1m yüksekliğindeki kaidenin üzerinde Athena Polias’ın kült heykeli bulunmaktadır. Pytheos bu tapınakta kullandığı ölçüleri bir kitapta toplayarak yayınlamıştır. Bu bilgileri bize Vitruvius De Architectura adlı eserinde bildirmektedir. Bergama örnek alınarak tapınağa stoalar eklenmiştir. Augustus zamanında tapınağa bir de Propylaion eklenmiştir. Augusutus’da M.S. 1 Y.y. da bu tapınakta tapınım görmüştür.   Priene (Ancient Greek: Πριήνη Priēnē; Turkish: Prien) was an ancient ancient Greek city of Ionia (and member of the Ionian League) at the base of an escarpment of Mycale, about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of the then course of the Maeander (now called the Büyük Menderes or "Big Maeander") River, 67 kilometres (42 mi) from ancient Anthea, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from ancient Aneon and 25 kilometres (16 mi) from ancient Miletus. It was formerly on the sea coast, built overlooking the ocean on steep slopes and terraces extending from sea level to a height of 380 metres (1,250 ft) above sea level at the top of the escarpment. Today, after several centuries of changes in the landscape, it is an inland site. It is located at a short distance west of the modern village Güllübahçe Turun in the Söke district of Aydın Province, Turkey   Priene possessed a great deal of famous Hellenistic art and architecture. The city's original position on Mount Mycale has never actually been discovered; however, it is believed that it was a peninsula possessing two harbours. Priene never held a great deal of political importance due to the city's size, as it is believed around 4 to 5 thousand inhabitants occupied the region. The city was arranged into four districts, firstly the political district which consisted of the bouleuterion and the prytaneion, the cultural district containing the theatre, the commercial where the agora was located and finally the religious district which contained sanctuaries dedicated to Zeus and Demeter and most importantly the Temple of Athena.   Although the exact truth is not known, Priene was said to have been first settled by Ionians under Aegyptus, a son of Belus and grandson of King Codrus, in the 11th century BCE. After successive attacks by Cimmerians, Lydians under Ardys, and Persians, it survived and prospered under the direction of its "sage," Bias, during the middle of the 6th century BC. Cyrus captured it in 545 BC; but it was able to send twelve ships to join the Ionic Revolt (499 BC-494 BC).   Priene was a member of the Athenian dominated Delian League in the 5th century BC and in 387 BC came under Persian dominance again until Alexander the Great's conquest. Disputes with Samos, and the troubles after Alexander's death, brought Priene low, and Rome had to save it from the kings of Pergamon and Cappadocia in 155.   Orophernes, the rebellious brother of the Cappadocian king, who had deposited a treasure there and recovered it by Roman intervention, restored the temple of Athena as a thank-offering. Under Roman and Byzantine dominion Priene had a prosperous history. It passed into Muslim hands late in the 13th century.   A photograph of the Athena temple ruin can be seen on a popular satellite map at 37.670°N 27.291°E, about 2 kilometers north of the road from Güllübahçe to Atburgazi, in Aydın Province, Turkey.   >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Priene (en griego, Πριήνη) fue una ciudad de Jonia, cerca de la costa de Caria en las estribaciones del sureste de las montañas Mícala junto a un río llamado Gaeson o Gaesus. Tenía dos puertos, pero los depósitos aluviales del Meandro la alejaron un poco de la costa. La leyenda la hace fundada por Filotas y Aepytos, hijo de Neleo, en territorio cario y después colonizada por beocios, siendo llamada Cadme. Fue un importante centro religioso, comprendiendo el Panjonio, un templo de Poseidón, un templo de Atenea y uno de Deméter. Fue una de las doce ciudades jónicas (Liga Jónica). Sometida por el rey Ardis de Lidia, pasó a Persia en 546 a. C. Participó en la revuelta jónica que condujo a las guerras médicas. Bajo los persas perdió importancia y fue objeto de disputa entre Mileto y Samos. En 450 a. C., se adhirió a la confederación de Delos y quedó bajo influencia ateniense hasta mediados del siglo IV a. C. El conflicto abierto con la ciudad de Samos llegó a su fin, momentáneamente, en 442 a. C. por intermediación de esta liga. La época helenística vio la conquista de Anatolia por Alejandro Magno, lo que abrió un periodo de refundación de la ciudad (a casi 120 km de Esmirna), liberada de la influencia persa. En 334 a. C., Alejandro visitó Priene, donde hizo una ofrenda en el templo de Atenea, y asedió Mileto, no lejos de allí. La ciudad estuvo sucesivemente bajo la influencia de los Ptolomeos, de los seléucidas y de la realeza de Pérgamo (Atálidas). En 155 a. C., Priene fue atacada e incendiada por el rey de Capadocia, Ariarates V, deseoso de apropiarse del tesoro de la ciudad. Los acuerdos de 196 y de 188 a. C., con vistas a regular el conflicto fronterizo de la ciudad de Dryussa, con Samos, fueron ineficaces. Sólo la intervención de un tribunal romano, en 135 a. C., permitió un final feliz para Priene. A la muerte del rey Átalo III, rey de Pérgamo, en 133 a. C., Priene fue incorporada, como todas las tierras del soberano que fueron legadas por testamento, a la República romana. Tras un período de desórdenes ligados a la piratería, muy extendida en esta época, la ciudad encontró su tranquilidad a finales del siglo I a. C., en la época del principado de Augusto. Pero, cortado su acceso al mar, por haber desaparecido el brazo que la enlazaba al Meandro, la ciudad perdió poco a poco su atractivo comercial y perdió un gran número de habitantes. En época bizantina, Priene se convirtió en una ciudad episcopal hasta mitad de la Edad Media, período en la que fue abandonada completamente. Es la ciudad natal de Mirón de Priene. Fue el lugar de nacimiento de Bias uno de los Siete Sabios de Grecia. Sus ruinas, bien conservadas, se encuentran en el territorio de la provincia de Aydin, en Turquía, en Güllübahce, a 15 kilómetros de la ciudad de Söke     ' width='180'>


date: May 18, 2013, 11:35 am

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